Textile Science & Research Journal
type: channel
description: The Textile Science & Research Journal (TSRJ) is a scientific journal that publishes new and important research about textiles, fibers and clothing. It shares discoveries from around the world about how fibers, fabrics, and clothing are made and used. Only high-quality articles with original ideas are accepted for publication. Textiles and fiber-based materials—like woven fabrics, nonwovens, and fiber blends—are essential in today’s world. While they are common in clothing and industry, they are also being used in exciting new ways, such as in smart clothing, medical materials, high-tech filters, personal care products, and even electronics and transportation. JTR is a trusted source for sharing research that introduces new technologies, better materials, and fresh ideas in the world of textiles. The journal publishes articles from top universities and research centers. Topics include how different fibers are made and tested, how fabrics are processed and treated (such as dyeing or finishing), and how textile products are designed, produced, and used. Anyone doing research, whether in a university, lab, government agency, or private company—is welcome to submit their work. Submit your manuscript today through Open Journal Systems (OJS).
publisher: Tresearch EU
language: en
publication name: Textile Science & Research Journal
issn: 3059-846X
copyright: You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. Notices: You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation. No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
items: INTEGRATING RESEARCH FOR DESIGN (RFD) AND DELPHI VALIDATION: A FRAMEWORK FOR PH-RESPONSIVE MATERNITY WEARABLES
items: EFFECT OF PICKS PER INCH ON ELONGATION, TENSILE AND TEARING STRENGTHS OF ASO-OKE PRODUCED ON NEO-TRADITIONAL AND MODIFIED FLOOR LOOMS
items: MODELING THE VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF SEWN MULTI-LAYER INSULATION FABRICS: A NON-LINEAR RESPONSE AND OPTIMAL NUMBER OF LAYERS
items: NONWOVEN MEMBRANES FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION: STRUCTURAL DESIGN, FUNCTIONALIZATION STRATEGIES, AND SYSTEM- LEVEL PERFORMANCE
items: ENGINEERING ALL-TEXTILE PIEZORESISTIVE SENSORS BY PROGRAMMING STITCHING GEOMETRY
items: IMPARTING SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY OF POLYESTER FABRICS WITH CONTROLLED RELEASE USING SIO2 AEROGEL MICROCAPSULE COATING
items: Recent developments in textile-based pH sensors for non-invasive medical applications
items: Processing and Characterization of Conductive Polyether Ether Ketone/Carbon Nanotube Monofilaments and Core–Sheath Filaments
items: ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS OF KNITTED FABRICS PREPARED FROM NANO-ZNO TWISTED YARNS
items: Design and properties of wool seamless garment for outdoor sports based on ergonomics
items: TENSILE STRENGTH AND STRAIN OF VACUUM INFUSION BANANA FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE USING EPOXY RESIN
items: Integrating Wearable Sensor Networks into Firefighter Uniforms: Design, Development and Evaluation of a Smart E-Textile System
items: Electrospinning of UHMWPE Nanofibers: Challenges and Solution Strategies
items: BaTiO₃-Based Piezoelectric Smart Textile for Energy Harvesting and Touch-Triggered Electroluminescent Display
items: Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Textiles: A Review of Circular Economy Applications
items: FTIR Evaluation of Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Bleached Cellulose from Jackfruit Peel and Leaf
items: Piezoelectric Twisted Yarn as an Engineering Platform to Scale-up Stretchable and Breathable Energy Harvesters
items: Optimization of design and FDM Process Parameters for Enhanced Mechanical Performance of 3D Printed Woven Fabric Structures
items: MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN SECONDARY CELLULOSE DURING ENZYMATIC BIOPOLISHING
items: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF NYLON MATERIAL PROCESSING

INTEGRATING RESEARCH FOR DESIGN (RFD) AND DELPHI VALIDATION: A FRAMEWORK FOR PH-RESPONSIVE MATERNITY WEARABLES
type: item
description: Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) remains a leading cause of neonatal mortality, yet accessible screening tools are scarce in low-resource settings. Existing solutions, such as single-use Nitrazine pads or biomarker kits, often fail to balance affordability, sustainability, and diagnostic accuracy. This study proposes a comprehensive design framework for a reusable, pH-responsive maternity underwear system designed for early PPROM detection. Adopting a Research for Design (RfD) methodology, we synthesized material constraints of sol–gel indicators with clinical requirements to develop an initial prototype concept. Crucially, this concept was refined through two rounds of qualitative expert validation involving obstetricians and midwives. The first round identified key risks in user compliance and interpretation ambiguity, driving the iteration of a dual-criterion decision rule. This rule combines a pH threshold (pH ≥ 7.0) with a time-persistence check to mitigate false positives. The final output is a validated framework that integrates material performance, user interaction logic, and service design principles. This study contributes a practical, expert-verified pathway for developing sustainable, low-cost wearable diagnostics suitable for resource-constrained maternal care.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: pH‑responsive sensor
  topic: keywords
subject: Nitrazine
  topic: keywords
subject: amniotic fluid leakage
  topic: keywords
subject: maternity safety underwear
  topic: keywords
subject: low‑resource settings
  topic: keywords
subject: sol–gel
  topic: keywords
creator: Dehe Yao
creator: ronghan wang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 DEHE YAO, RONGHAN WANG (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 95
ending page: 109
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-2-1-42

EFFECT OF PICKS PER INCH ON ELONGATION, TENSILE AND TEARING STRENGTHS OF ASO-OKE PRODUCED ON NEO-TRADITIONAL AND MODIFIED FLOOR LOOMS
type: item
description: Aso-Oke is the most famous indigenous woven fabric in Southwest Nigeria. This study evaluated the effect of picks per inch on elongation, tensile and tearing strengths of Aso-Oke produced on neo-traditional floor loom (TFL) and modified floor loom (MFL). This study adopted an experimental design. Ten samples of 2/2 matt woven fabrics were produced using 91 ends per inch (EPI), varied (2, 3, 5, 7, and 8) numbers of filling yarns (NFY), and 100% textured polyester yarn on TFL (TFL1-TFL5) and MFL (MFL1-MFL5). Fabric tensile, elongation, and tearing strength were tested. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results showed that Fabric MFL2 had the highest warp way tensile strength (50.04kgf), TFL3 (54.86kgf) in weft, and MFL3 (44.46kgf) showed significantly high breaking elongation in warp and weft ways corresponding to 64 picks per inch. Tearing strength was highest in fabrics TFL5 (46.51kgf) and TFL4 (53.34kgf) in warp and weft ways respectively. MFL3 tearing resistance was higher in both the warp and weft ways. T-test results revealed a significant (p<0.05) difference in Tearing Strength in weft way between MFL (29.34±8.56) and TFL (31.5±18.73; p =0.01) The correlation matrix showed moderately positive relationships (r =0.50), in Tensile 0.791 in weft way and Tearing Strength 0.962 in warp way; The study concluded that the Aso-Oke produced on TFL and MFL have excellent tensile, elongation, and tearing strength influenced by yarn type, density, thickness, and weave structure.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aso-Oke,
  topic: keywords
subject: Woven Fabric
  topic: keywords
subject: Tensile
  topic: keywords
subject: Elongation
  topic: keywords
subject: Tearing
  topic: keywords
creator: Adebiyi Adeboye
creator: Adetoun Amubode
creator: Adekojo Waheed
creator: Moturayo Ariyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ADEBIYI ADEBOYE, ADETOUN ADEDOTUN AMUBODE, PROF. M. A WAHEED, PROF. M.OTURAYO A. ARIYO (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 110
ending page: 117
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-2-1-40

MODELING THE VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF SEWN MULTI-LAYER INSULATION FABRICS: A NON-LINEAR RESPONSE AND OPTIMAL NUMBER OF LAYERS
type: item
description: Investigating the time-dependent mechanical behavior of hybrid multi-layer textile structures, designed for high-performance technical applications, is critical for ensuring their dimensional stability. This study comprehensively investigates the influence of the number of layers (2, 6, 12, and 24) on the viscoelastic creep mechanism within the seam zone of these structures. To this end, a dual-analysis methodology was employed, incorporating mathematical modeling using the four-parameter Burgers model and a complementary phenomenological analysis based on creep rate, applied to both seamed and seamless specimens. The results revealed a non-linear relationship between the number of layers and the viscoelastic properties. Mechanical performance peaked in the 12-layers structure, where the instantaneous elastic modulus (E_M) reached a maximum of 460.83 MPa, and the dynamic retardation time (τ) achieved a minimum of 2.29 min. Comparative analysis demonstrated that the seam plays a dual role: acting as a stiffness-weakening factor in thin structures (2 layers), while functioning as a mechanism that significantly retards system dynamics in thick structures (24 layers). The most significant finding was the critical role of the seam in the 12-layers structure; here, the stitched seam transformed an inherently unstable structure into an optimal structure with superior structural cohesion, acting as a stabilizing and reinforcing agent. These findings highlight the necessity of understanding the complex interaction between the seam and the multi-layer assembly for the optimal design of structures requiring high dimensional stability.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Viscoelastic creep behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-layer textile structures
  topic: keywords
subject: Burgers model
  topic: keywords
subject: Seam mechanics
  topic: keywords
creator: Zahra Jamshidi
creator: Saeed Ajeli
creator: Mehdi Salmani-Tehrani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ZAHRA JAMSHIDI, SAEED AJELI, MEHDI SALMANI-TEHRANI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 82
ending page: 94
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-2-1-39

NONWOVEN MEMBRANES FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION: STRUCTURAL DESIGN, FUNCTIONALIZATION STRATEGIES, AND SYSTEM- LEVEL PERFORMANCE
type: item
description: Nonwoven materials, characterized by high porosity, tunable fiber architecture, robust mechanical strength, and versatile surface functionalizability, have emerged as highly promising platforms for next-generation seawater desalination. This review comprehensively examines the structural design strategies and performance-regulation mechanisms of nonwoven membranes across major desalination technologies, including reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO), membrane distillation (MD), and solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE). Particular emphasis is placed on the synergistic influence of fiber diameter, orientation, porosity, and multilayer composite configurations in determining key performance metrics, including water flux, salt rejection, wetting resistance, antifouling behavior, and long-term operational stability. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in nonwoven fabrication techniques, including melt blowing, electrospinning, and centrifugal spinning, and discuss their integration with emerging functionalization approaches such as plasma modification, nanoparticle and 2D-material incorporation, polymer blending, and sustainable bio-based materials. By aligning nonwoven material design with the physicochemical requirements of different desalination pathways, this review highlights the technological potential of nonwoven membranes to enable high-efficiency, low-carbon, and environmentally sustainable desalination systems.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: nonwoven material
  topic: keywords
subject: seawater desalination
  topic: keywords
subject: polymer composite
  topic: keywords
subject: porous structure
  topic: keywords
subject: surface functionalization
  topic: keywords
creator: Hanying Zhou
creator: Jilong Wang
creator: Lihua Lou
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 HANYING ZHOU, JILONG WANG, LIHUA LOU (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 27
ending page: 52
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-2-1-37

ENGINEERING ALL-TEXTILE PIEZORESISTIVE SENSORS BY PROGRAMMING STITCHING GEOMETRY
type: item
description: Textile-based piezoresistive sensors are highly desirable for wearable health monitoring, soft robotics, and human-machine interfaces due to their inherent conformability, breathability, and skin friendliness. However, the complex fabrication processes and limited scalability of current textile sensors hinder their practical use, and customizing such sensors remains challenging owing to their intricate geometry-electromechanical coupling and demanding requirements for manufacturing. Herein, we report a simple sewing-based strategy that uses stitch architecture and sewing geometry as active design parameters to tailor the electromechanical response of textile piezoresistive sensors. Systematic tuning of stitch-related geometric variables reveals the structure-property relationships that govern electrical resistance evolution, enabling programmable sensitivity, dynamic behavior, and operating pressure range through a textile-compatible, scalable fabrication process. Guided by this understanding, we fabricated an optimized stitched sensor with high sensitivity (3.4 % kPa-1), fast response (40ms) and recovery (20ms), low hysteresis (< 3%), and stable cycling performance. The programming stitch strategy offers a low-cost and manufacturing-ready route toward textile sensors with tunable electromechanical characteristics, potentially expanding their use in wearable systems and soft robotic applications.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Textile sensors
  topic: keywords
subject: stitching design
  topic: keywords
subject: encoded sewing
  topic: keywords
subject: wearable electronics
  topic: keywords
creator: Zewen Zhao
creator: Xinru Li
creator: Xuzhong Su
creator: Fengxin Sun
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ZEWEN ZHAO, XINRU LI, XUZHONG SU, FENGXIN SUN (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 53
ending page: 65
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-2-1-35

IMPARTING SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY OF POLYESTER FABRICS WITH CONTROLLED RELEASE USING SIO2 AEROGEL MICROCAPSULE COATING
type: item
description: Developing polyester fabrics that combine fragrance release with durable liquid repellency remains a challenge in smart textiles. In this research, we introduce a novel dual-functional finishing technique that merges SiO2 aerogel microcapsule coating with Triethoxy-1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecafluorooctylsilane (POTS) to produce superhydrophobic aromatic polyester fabrics. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed uniform adhesion of approximately 10 μm microcapsules, optimally dispersed at 10 wt%. The resultant polyester fabrics achieved water contact angles above 150°, demonstrated strong self-cleaning properties, and resisted wetting by both water-based and oily liquids. As microcapsule content increased, air and moisture permeability decreased due to pore blocking, indicating a balance between protection and breathability. Despite this, the fabrics effectively released fragrance, with 15.8% of essential oil released after 30 h at 80 °C, comparable to isolated SiO2 microcapsules. Additionally, the fabric handle experiment exhibited reduced softness and smoothness but increased stiffness and drape coefficient with higher microcapsule amounts. Moreover, washing durability performance indicated gradual microcapsule loss and decreased hydrophobicity, although partial repellency and fragrance retention persisted after 20 cycles. Consequently, these findings demonstrate a potential finishing process for producing multifunctional polyester fabrics suitable for smart and protective textile applications.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sio2 Aerogel Microcapsule
  topic: keywords
subject: Superhydrophobic Coating
  topic: keywords
subject: Diffusion-Controlled Release
  topic: keywords
subject: Multifunctional Polyester
  topic: keywords
subject: Wash Durability
  topic: keywords
creator: Md Shariful Islam
creator: KHURSHID ALAM
creator: MST ATIA RABBI
creator: Shaharia Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MD SHARIFUL ISLAM,, KHURSHID ALAM, MST ATIA RABBI, SHAHARIA AHMED (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 15
ending page: 26
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-2-1-28

Recent developments in textile-based pH sensors for non-invasive medical applications
type: item
description: The pH levels in biofluids, including sweat, wound exudates, tears, and saliva, indicate hydration status, dermatological conditions, and underlying health issues such as kidney disease. The rapid development of wearable technology in health monitoring has led to considerable interest in textile-based wearable sensors, owing to their flexibility, comfort, breathability, biodegradability and diverse fabrication methodologies. Although there are numerous reviews on textile-based wearable sensors, a thorough review specifically addressing wearable textile-based pH sensors is lacking. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive analysis of the current status of research on textile-based colorimetric pH sensors, highlighting their prospective applications in non-invasive health monitoring. Key textile substrates, pH-sensitive dyes, surface functionalization techniques, dye immobilization strategies, and innovative fabrication methods are discussed. Possible limitations of colorimetric sensors, including dye leaching, stability challenges, accuracy issues, and inadequate reversibility are summarized, and research initiatives aimed at improving sensor performance, durability, and wearability, such as encapsulation, multi-layer coatings, sol-gel methods, hydrogels, printing, chemical and physical bonding, and printing, are included. Besides, novel techniques such as nanofiber-based dye encapsulation and sensor miniaturization, and enhancement of sensor sensitivity, dye retention, and response time, are highlighted. This work will shed light on future development of textile-based pH sensors for wearable, non-invasive and reliable medical applications.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: pH sensors
  topic: keywords
subject: pH-sensitive dyes
  topic: keywords
subject: colorimetric
  topic: keywords
subject: medical
  topic: keywords
subject: textiles
  topic: keywords
creator: Henadeera Arachchige Ayomi Perera
creator: Rebecca Van Amber
creator: Lijing Wang
creator: Shadi Houshyar
creator: Xin Wang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 153
ending page: 170
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-32

Processing and Characterization of Conductive Polyether Ether Ketone/Carbon Nanotube Monofilaments and Core–Sheath Filaments
type: item
description: The increasing demand for lightweight, high-performance materials has driven the development of textile-reinforced composites with integrated sensing capabilities. While thermoset-based composites have established sensor integration strategies, thermoplastic composites face challenges due to high processing temperatures. This study presents a novel approach to produce high-temperature-resistant, electrically conductive polyether ether ketone with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PEEK/MWCNT) monofilament and core-sheath (PEEK-MWCNT/PEEK) filament yarns suitable for textile processing and structural health monitoring. Filaments were produced using a twin-screw extrusion site and a bicomponent melt spinning plant, systematically varying MWCNT content (1.0–7.0 wt.%) and process parameters. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that MWCNTs influence PEEK crystallinity, glass transition temperature, and thermal transitions, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed filler dispersion and morphology. Mechanical testing demonstrated increased stiffness and tensile strength with higher MWCNT loading, while elongation at break decreased. Integration of conductive filaments into glass fiber/polypropylene (GF/PP) composites maintained or slightly improved composite mechanical properties. Electrical contacting via crimping combined with conductive epoxy provided stable, low-resistance connections. The results demonstrate that PEEK/MWCNT sensor yarns are suitable for high-temperature, textile-reinforced thermoplastic composites, offering a robust platform for intrinsically conductive, processable, and mechanically stable structural health monitoring systems.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Poly ether ether ketone
  topic: keywords
subject: carbon nano tubes
  topic: keywords
subject: sensor yarn
  topic: keywords
subject: electrical conductivity
  topic: keywords
subject: mechanical properties
  topic: keywords
subject: thermoplastic composite
  topic: keywords
creator: Toty Onggar
creator: Leopold Alexander Frankenbach
creator: Chokri Cherif
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 127
ending page: 152
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-31

ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS OF KNITTED FABRICS PREPARED FROM NANO-ZNO TWISTED YARNS
type: item
description: This study investigates the effects of the twisting process of yarns containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the mechanical properties and antibacterial performance of knitted fabrics, and evaluates their feasibility as functional textile materials. Two- and three-ply ZnO-containing yarns were prepared using a ring-twisting machine at various speeds to obtain twist coefficients ranging from 0 to 5. The twisted yarns were then fabricated into knitted fabrics and evaluated for their physical properties, including hairiness, tensile strength, air permeability, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Results revealed that increasing the twist coefficient significantly reduced yarn hairiness, indicating enhanced fiber compactness. The fabrics with a twist coefficient of 3 (samples 2Zn-3C-K and 3Zn-3C-K) exhibited optimal mechanical strength and air permeability, whereas excessive twisting (≥4) led to a decrease in tensile strength due to fiber over-twisting.For antibacterial evaluation, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was used as the test strain. The results showed a marked reduction in bacterial colonies with increasing twist coefficients, achieving antibacterial rates of 87% and 90% for samples 2Zn-5C-K and 3Zn-5C-K, respectively.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)
  topic: keywords
subject: coefficient of twist
  topic: keywords
subject: knitted fabrics
  topic: keywords
subject: colony count
  topic: keywords
creator: Ming-Chun Hsieh
creator: Mei-Chen Lin
creator: Yan-Yu Lin
creator: Ming- Huang Lin
creator: Jia-Horng LIN
creator: Chien-Teng Hsieh
creator: Yueh-Sheng Chen
creator: Ching-Wen Lou
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 97
ending page: 108
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-21

Design and properties of wool seamless garment for outdoor sports based on ergonomics
type: item
description: To address the limitations of traditional outdoor sportswear in meeting the diverse and dynamic thermoregulatory and moisture management demands of different body regions during exercise, eight bionic knitted fabrics inspired by Victoria amazonica were prepared with wool and deodorizing spandex/polypropylene covered yarn as materials. The deodorizing, thermal-moisture comfort, and mechanical properties of the fabrics were measured. Then wool seamless garment based on ergonomics was designed resulting from comprehensive evaluation with the eight fabrics by the grey near optimal method. Also, infrared thermal imaging temperature measurement and sensory evaluation of wool seamless garment were carried out. The results showed that the main vein structure fabric had the best comprehensive performance, with air permeability rate of 390.78 mm/s and a moisture permeability rate of 454.77 g/ (m2×h). After exercise, the maximum temperature difference between the start of exercise and the third minute after exercise of the wool seamless garments for outdoor sports was 2.9℃, which was lower than the 4.4°C difference observed in regular sportswear; the odor intensity was rated as slight, confirming its superior deodorizing properties and thermal-moisture comfort.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: wool seamless garment
  topic: keywords
subject: ergonomic design
  topic: keywords
subject: outdoor sports
  topic: keywords
subject: deodorizing properties
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal-moisture comfort
  topic: keywords
creator: Ailan Wan
creator: Lili Xu
creator: Yanfei Teng
creator: Pibo Ma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 109
ending page: 126
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-29

TENSILE STRENGTH AND STRAIN OF VACUUM INFUSION BANANA FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE USING EPOXY RESIN
type: item
description: Banana fiber is regarded as one of the natural fibers suitable for spinning and weaving, owing to its adequate length, durability, environmental impact, abundance and fine texture. Its significance has been increasing, especially in line with the global environmental issues, where green composites are capturing the attention of researchers worldwide. Banana fibers are applicable in various areas of life, including clothing, home decor, and paneling. The use of panels is particularly favored in sectors like automotive, aerospace, construction, and other industrial applications. Additionally, banana fiber composites have drawn interest for their thermal and acoustic insulation properties, attributed to their unique hollow fiber structure containing cavities and a high porosity ratio. In this study production of panels using banana fiber as a reinforcement employing epoxy resin as a matrix is performed using vacuum infusion process (VIP). The produced panels have been tested for tensile strength and strain according to ISO 527-4. The study showed a promising result compared to similar natural fibers. The results fall within a common range observed for natural fiber composites, but it's generally on the lower to mid-range compared to some of the higher-performing banana fiber epoxy composites reported. By addressing these factors, the mechanical performance of banana fiber epoxy composites can be significantly enhanced, making them more competitive for various applications.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: banana fibre
  topic: keywords
subject: epoxy resin
  topic: keywords
subject: vacuum infusion
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasabo Abdelbagi Mohamed Ahmed
creator: RAMADAN MOHMMED
creator: NEVIN GURSOY
creator: PELIN ALTAY
creator: YOUSIF A.A
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 HASABO ABDELBAGI MOHAMED AHMED, RAMADAN MOHMMED, NEVIN GURSOY, PELIN ALTAY, YOUSIF A.A (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-2-1-26

Integrating Wearable Sensor Networks into Firefighter Uniforms: Design, Development and Evaluation of a Smart E-Textile System
type: item
description: Firefighters operate in hazardous environments characterised by extreme heat, low visibility, and high physical demand. This study presents the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a smart e-textile prototype aimed at improving firefighter safety through real-time physiological and environmental monitoring. A sensor-integrated garment was developed using a 100% cotton base and an Adafruit Circuit Playground Bluefruit microcontroller with pulse, temperature, and motion sensors. The system transmits data to a cloud-based web interface via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for remote monitoring. Evaluation covered comfort, mobility, system responsiveness, and accuracy of sensor data. Results indicated reliable signal transmission and comfort, though challenges remained with sensor alignment and accelerometer-based location accuracy. This research contributes to the growing field of smart protective clothing and outlines a scalable framework for integrating wearable technologies into emergency responder uniforms.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Smart textiles
  topic: keywords
subject: Firefighter PPE
  topic: keywords
subject: Wearable sensors
  topic: keywords
subject: Bluetooth communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Protective clothing
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable design
  topic: keywords
creator: Danmei Sun
creator: Emma Gray
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 90
ending page: 96
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-27

Electrospinning of UHMWPE Nanofibers: Challenges and Solution Strategies
type: item
description: This study investigates the feasibility of fabricating nanofibers from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) using electrospinning, a technique traditionally limited by UHMWPE's high melt viscosity, poor solubility, and low electrical conductivity. A series of experimental trials were conducted using different polymer grades, solvent systems, conductivity-enhancing additives, and thermal control strategies. Initial trials using decalin revealed homogeneous dissolution at elevated temperatures (~130 °C) but were limited by rapid thermo-reversible gelation and high viscosity, which inhibited continuous fiber formation. Thermal stabilization using silicone pad heaters and oil baths extended spinnability, yet precise temperature control remained a challenge. To improve electro-spinnability, additives such as tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) and cyclohexanone were introduced, resulting in improved conductivity and Taylor cone formation. A novel approach utilizing terpene—a biocompatible and non-carcinogenic solvent—demonstrated promising results in dissolving UHMWPE while reducing toxicological concerns. However, successful and continuous nanofiber production remained constrained by the narrow thermal processing window between the needle tip and collector. The findings highlight the critical interplay between solvent selection, rheology, conductivity, and thermal environment in the electrospinning of UHMWPE.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: UHMWPE nanofibers
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrospinning
  topic: keywords
subject: Green solvent systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermo-reversible gelation
  topic: keywords
subject: TBAB additive
  topic: keywords
subject: Terpene
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashish Handa
creator: Arunangshu Mukhopadhyay
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 82
ending page: 89
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-25

BaTiO₃-Based Piezoelectric Smart Textile for Energy Harvesting and Touch-Triggered Electroluminescent Display
type: item
description: Smart textiles, which rely on biomechanical energy gathered from the environment, offer the most self-powered sensing and performance in interactive displays. The design, manufacture, and testing of textiles with multilayer piezoelectric made of polyvinyl siloxane and barium titanate (BaTiO₃) are demonstrated in this work. A silver-coated yarn is also utilized for the exterior functionalization, electric poling, and dip-coating with BaTiO₃/vinyl-siloxane paste at three distinct ceramic volume loadings (30%, 50%, and 70%) to enhance the tip-enhanced piezoelectric response of the yarns. Data indicate that electric signals produced by the cotton tap are amplified using an electronics unit equipped with a comparator and a charge amplifier. Reflect that data to light the EL-based PVDF yarn. Such a system could efficiently produce touching-triggered luminescence with apparent perspective in the development of self-powered wearables used for sensing and visual feedback. The demonstration and achievement of the yarns' piezoelectric performance served as the inspiration for both performances and displays; open-circuited voltage concepts are roughly 1.5V under 1N of a tip, and EL permits performance exceeding 95%. Sustainable evaluation because it has enabled the recall of touch to light operation standards, resulting in over 10,000 tap cycles and few or no washing cycles. The efforts are showcased in the lead-up to the development of flexible-line-piezo pressure devices that enabled wearable, effective monitoring, human-machine collaboration, and stable, self-operating, interactive clothing.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: BaTiO3
  topic: keywords
subject: piezoelectric textiles
  topic: keywords
subject: composite yarns
  topic: keywords
subject: self-powered wearable
  topic: keywords
subject: electroluminescent display
  topic: keywords
subject: tactile sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: polymer–ceramic composites
  topic: keywords
creator: Nosheen Rasheed
creator: Zhaoqun Du
creator: Md. Rezaul karim
creator: Muhammad Waqar Talib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 67
ending page: 81
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-23

Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Textiles: A Review of Circular Economy Applications
type: item
description: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) presents a paradigm shift for enhancing sustainability within the textile industry. This review examines the transformative potential of these technologies in fostering a circular economy, with a focus on material design, process optimisation, and end-of-life solutions. It surveys applications across textile science, from natural fibre composites to technical and smart textiles, highlighting the role of predictive modelling and ML algorithms—including neural networks, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and random forests. These techniques are demonstrated to enhance the design of fibre-based materials, predict key properties such as tensile strength and thermal stability, and optimise manufacturing processes like dyeing and weaving. Furthermore, the review explores the significant contribution of computer vision to automated quality control, defect detection, and the assessment of garment condition for resale, thereby supporting circular business models. A central theme is the capacity of AI to drive sustainability by enabling zero-waste pattern design, improving colour prediction accuracy to reduce chemical waste, and advancing automated textile sorting for recycling. Despite this promising progress, the principal challenges identified are not algorithmic but systemic, relating to data scarcity, integration complexities, and the need for cross-sector collaboration. The review concludes by identifying critical future research directions, emphasising the need for robust, physics-informed models, the collaborative development of larger, more diverse datasets, and AI-driven Design for Disassembly (DfD) to fully realise AI's potential in creating a more innovative, efficient, and sustainable textile industry. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Circular Economy; Textile Recycling; Predictive Modelling; Computer Vision; Sustainable Manufacturing
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Circular Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Textile Recycling
  topic: keywords
subject: Predictive Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Computer Vision
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Manufacturing
  topic: keywords
creator: Elias RANDJBARAN
creator: DARYA KHAKSARI
creator: HAMID MEHRABI
creator: RIZAL ZAHARI
creator: DAYANG L. MAJID
creator: MOHAMED T. H. SULTAN
creator: NORKHAIRUNNISA MAZLAN
creator: MEHDI GRANHEMAT
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 45
ending page: 66
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-22

FTIR Evaluation of Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Bleached Cellulose from Jackfruit Peel and Leaf
type: item
description: The need for plant waste valorization has become a subject area that most researchers have delved into. One of such aspects is cellulose extraction from jackfruit tree waste which is seen as a commercially underutilized plant. In this research cellulose was extracted from Jackfruit Peel (JFP) and Jackfruit Leaf (JFL) using hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, acetic acid and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) bleaching solutions respectively to purify the extracted cellulose. Comprehensive characterization of the cellulose was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The peel yielded 17.4% of cellulose while the leaf gave 33.21% cellulose yield after AHP bleaching which achieved higher purification efficiency than the other bleaching solutions. The level of purity of cellulose after AHP bleaching is comparable to that of the commercial cellulose based on the FTIR results. However, with EDS carbon weight concentration of up to 84%, JFP cellulose proved to be purer than JFL cellulose. FTIR spectroscopy also confirmed their cellulose content in relation to commercial cellulose while morphological characterization with SEM revealed separated single cellulose fibres of JFL and the compacted cellulose fibre sheets of JFP. JFP cellulose also has a higher crystalline index (41.2%) than JFL cellulose based on the XRD result. Both plant parts can be sustainable sources of cellulose for industrial use.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Jackfruit peel
  topic: keywords
subject: jackfruit leaf
  topic: keywords
subject: cellulose
  topic: keywords
subject: Alkaline hydrogen peroxide
  topic: keywords
subject: FTIR
  topic: keywords
subject: waste valorization
  topic: keywords
creator: onyekachi NNOROM
creator: Angela C. Udebuani
creator: Abimbola Uzomah
creator: Cynthia O. Udemba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 33
ending page: 44
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-19

Piezoelectric Twisted Yarn as an Engineering Platform to Scale-up Stretchable and Breathable Energy Harvesters
type: item
description: A highly stretchable piezoelectric nanofibrous yarn of PVDF/ZnO composite was electrospun through a one-step electrospinning method to facial the fabrication process of wearable nanogenerator device in a desired weave patterns and mechanical properties. Electrospun yarns of different counts, twists per meter, and fibers fineness were fabricated on a modified electrospinning setup and then their piezoelectric and mechanical properties were evaluated. Results showed that an increase in twists number and take up speed increase the output voltage of the fabricated strip of yarns. In spite of this, by increasing the amount of ZnO nanoparticles from 5% to 15% in the yarn nanofibers, the output voltage increased significantly which is contributed to the nature of strong piezoelectric properties of ZnO piezo-ceramic materials. It is believed that the whole piezoelectric device prepared by piezoelectric yarns is attractive for a variety of wearable applications, such as wearable generator to collect energy from human movement as a building block of energy- harvesting textiles, and in self-powered biomedical applications. The results of this work can be utilized as a platform to scale-up towards the fabrication of flexible and stretchable energy harvesting devices.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: piezoelectric nanofibrous
  topic: keywords
subject: fabrication
  topic: keywords
subject: ZnO piezo-ceramic materials
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Bagheri Motlag Pashaki
creator: Roohollah Bagherzadeh
creator: Ali Akbar Merati
creator: Masoud Latifi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 22
ending page: 32
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-18

Optimization of design and FDM Process Parameters for Enhanced Mechanical Performance of 3D Printed Woven Fabric Structures
type: item
description: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used additive manufacturing technique capable of producing textile-like structures using thermoplastic polymers. This study focuses on optimizing 3D printed woven fabrics using PLA filament. Mechanical characterization through tensile and flexural testing was conducted in both warp and weft directions. A Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was employed for efficient experimental design. The results were analyzed using response table and main effect plots, and the mechanical properties were optimized using regression modeling in MINITAB. Findings reveal that different properties are governed by different parameters. Layer height significantly influenced strength while design played a key role in modulus. Directional anisotropy was observed with notable differences in mechanical behavior between warp and weft orientations. Optimal parameter combinations were identified for individual properties. Twill design with higher layer height and temperature showed enhanced flexibility, while basket weaves with moderate settings favored strength. The study provides valuable insights for tailoring FDM-printed textile structures, paving the way for high-performance, customizable, and scalable fabric applications.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: yarn
  topic: keywords
subject: fabric formation
  topic: keywords
subject: manufacture
  topic: keywords
subject: processing
  topic: keywords
subject: weaving
  topic: keywords
subject: 3-D printing
  topic: keywords
creator: Shree Kaji Ghimire
creator: Ashok Sapkota
creator: Sabit Adanur
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Textile Science & Research Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 01
ending page: 21
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-1-1-17

MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN SECONDARY CELLULOSE DURING ENZYMATIC BIOPOLISHING
type: item
description: In order to restore the primary texture and improve the properties of fabric made from secondary cellulose, enzymatic biopolishing using cellulase was applied. Microstructural changes in secondary cellulose during the biopolishing process, resulting from the breaking of certain chemical bonds and removal of impurities, were identified using FTIR spectroscopy. It was shown that enzymatic treatment increases the degree of amorphousness of the cellulose matrix and enhances its functional and technological properties during chemical finishing processes. The advantages of the biopolymer modification method were confirmed by comparing surface density, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and air permeability of fabrics made from untreated secondary cellulose, traditionally treated with soap-alkaline solutions, and enzymatically treated.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: secondary cellulose
  topic: keywords
subject: biopolishing
  topic: keywords
subject: enzyme
  topic: keywords
subject: microstructure
  topic: keywords
subject: strength
  topic: keywords
creator: Adham Rafikov
creator: Gulnoza Jurayeva
creator: Dilfuza Abdusamatova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RAFIKOV ADHAM SALIMOVICH, JURAYEVA GULNOZA ABDURASHID QIZI, ABDUSAMATOVA DILFUZA OZOTOVNA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 76
ending page: 81
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-2-1-14

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF NYLON MATERIAL PROCESSING
type: item
description: The goal of the study is to examine and assess the influence of various water sources, energy inputs, and their effect on carbon emissions. The approach included site visits to the textile production mill and discussions with both the production and commercial procurement teams to collect data from the last three calendar years. The findings and conclusions of this analysis show that Textile manufacturing contributes to a considerable amount of carbon emissions, approximately 3.1 kgCO2e/kg of nylon fabric. Purchasing electricity as an energy source generates the highest carbon emissions 3.03 kgCO2e/kg of nylon fabric, In contrast, the use of LPG fuel and Diesel fuel resulted in notably lower CO2 emissions. Additionally, this study assessed the emissions in the scope 1 and scope 2 categories during the textile processing stage, which contributed to 136535 kg CO2e. Personalization in the application of sizing chemicals using industry 4.0 techniques, such as warping, sizing and weaving can further minimize the consumption of resources, water, and energy. Prioritizing the design of waterless processes should be central to energy optimization efforts. Energy usage, which is directly related to the amount of water needed for the slashing process. Sizing processors are somewhat reluctant to adopt these changes due to the added production costs. Coordinated efforts from all stakeholders in the textile value chain are essential to address the sustainability challenges in textile manufacturing. This case study focuses on five out of the seventeen sustainable development goals (SDGs): 6-Clean water and sanitation, 7-Affordable and clean energy, 12-Responsible production and consumption, 13-Climate action, and 15-Life on land.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cupralactum
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon sink
  topic: keywords
subject: Hydrothermal
  topic: keywords
subject: Microplastic Pollution
  topic: keywords
creator: AKSHAY VADE
creator: DR. ASHOK ATHALYE
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AKSHAY VADE, DR. ASHOK ATHALYE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 66
ending page: 75
doi: 10.63456/tsrj-2-1-5